Synchronous motor



. 1,667,514 v. A. FYNN SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR April Z4, 192 8.

Original Filed Nov. 26, 1923 'c'immvi u-i A VALE-RE r71. FREO FYNN/ amm.

veminn A. FYNN, on ST. L'UI$, MIEiSQUl-E.

SYNCHRQN'OUS MOTOR.

Original application filed November 26-, 1923, Serial No. 917,151 Eivided and application Tiled August 2, 1928. Serial No. 126,6:83.

This application is a division of my former application, Serial Number (577,157, iiled November 26, 1923, patented Sept. 14:, 1926, Patent No. 1,599,754.

lt'iy'invention relates to synchronous motors and more particularly to 7 machines possessing the mechanical features of induction motors and capable of carrying variable load at synchronous speed. Machines capaw ble of operating synchronously at a,plurality of loads but having the mechanical features of induction motors are often referred to as synchronous induction motors.

in my original application 1 have shown among other things how machines of the type indicated above could be provided with a continuous or a constant synchronizing torque and how such machines could operate or could be made to operate synchronously at a plurality'of loads. The expression continuous synchronizing torque covers a constant torque as well as a torque which is not constant in magnitude but which is always positive. The present application is directed more particularly to subject matter disclosed in connection'with Figs. 4 and 5 of the parent application which are reproduced herein.

The objects and features of this invention will appear from the description'and drawings and will be more particularly pointed out in the claims.

The accompanying diagrammatic drawings, Figs. land 2 show two-pole synchronous motors embodying my invention.

Referring to Fig. 1, the rotor, here the primary, carries a commuted winding 2 and three-phase star connected windings 3, 4, 5

which are combined with the winding commuted to form the primary of the manected to the rings 6, 7 8. The conhmutedwinding may, in this connection, be looked upon as a mesh connected three-phase winding to three points of which the windings 3, 4;, 5 are connected as shown. the commuted ,winding maybe entirely separate from the primary winding. Brushes '21, 22, 23 displaced by 120-electrical degrees cooperate with the'commuted winding and are shown as resting directly on the circle representing said winding. Inpractice a commutator would be; interposed but by showing the brushes in direct contact with chine. This'primary winding can be consupply bymeans of the slip-,

It is well understood that the winding all indefiniteness as to taeir location with reference to other elements of the machine is avoided. The stator, here the secondary, carries four windings 2 1, 25, 2d and 27. The axis of the winding 2 is on parallel to the line along which the brushes 21, 23 are located and24: is connected to the brushes 21, 23. The winding 24 is infect ust as coaxial with the line along which the brushes 21, 23 are located as if said line A. part of each of the windings 2 1-, 25, 26

can be shunted by an adjustable r sistance 28, 29, 30 and an adjustable resistance 31 is located in eircuit with the brushes 21, 22 and the winding 27. The magnetizing means or windings 25, 27am connected in parallel to Y the brushes 21. 22 and brush currents into these windings produce a resultant netization'the axis of which does not coincide with the axis of either component winding. It is well understood in art that the three brushes shown can be replaced by an equivalent of six brushes. of 99 these can be located in the axis of 24 and connected to it. Two others in the axis of 26 and connected to 26 and the two last in the axis of 25 and connected to 25 as well as to 27.

Fig. 2 differs from Fig. 1 in that the secondary windings 25 and 27 of Fig. 1 have been rep aced by a single winding 32 located in the axis of the resultant magnetization due to 25 and 27. In Fig. 2 the brushes 21, 123 22, 23 are displaced by 120' electrical d 'grees as in Fig. 1, the winding 24 is coaxial with the brushes 21, 23 to which it connected, the winding 26 has the same axis as the brushes 22, 23 to which it is connected 11 but the winding 32 is not coaxial with the brushes 21,22 to which 32 is connected. The secondary windings 24 and 32 are displaced by electrical degrees, the secondary windings 24 and 26 by 120 and the Secondary windings 26 and duced by conduced currents in Fig 2, say m starting period, these resistances ated voltages in 24,

. circuitsahd their number 0 turns are alike.'.

' 25, 26 which can be 25,- 26,wil1 be diff The configurationchronous operation, are accordingly displaced by 90, 120 and 150 electrical degrees while the three groups of brushes which are connected to the three sets of secondary magnetizing 'means and which cooperate with said means to produce the threemagnetizations in question are displaced one from the other by the uniform angle of 120 electrical degrees. Part of the secondary windings 24, 26, 32 can be shunted by the adjustable resistances 28, 30, 34 and the adjustable resistance 33 is located in circuitwith the winding 32 and the brushes 21, 22. The three secondary windings are shown dimensioned to produce magnetizations diiier- 'in'g considerably in magnitude,

the winding 32 being adapted to produce the greatest magnetization. I

As to the mode of operation, particularly of Fig. 1, the motor can be started as a polyphase induction motor by connecting the sliprings 6, 7, 8 to the supply and leaving the circuit of 27 open at 31. By shunting part of the windings 24, 25, 26 in which the primary flux setup by the primary winding 3, 4, 5, 6 generates working voltages,

the commutator can be relieved of at-least part of the working currents during the can also be used to securea substantially uniform induction motor torque particularly when the secondary windings are not all alike. As synchronism is approached the gener 25, 26 diminish becoming zero at-synchronism, they cannot synchronize the motor. But the auxiliary or commutator brush voltages are of slip euency at all times and become unidirectional at synchronism and have a magnitude which is independent of the speed of the primary, as is now well auxiliary voltages are impressed on the sec-' ondary windings and as synchronism is appreached sendincreasingly efiective conduced currents into the windings 24, 25, 26. These currents set up, ampereturns in 24, regulated by means of 29, 30 and' said ampere with the primary flux ass-displaced synchronizmg torques, Because the three auxiliary Voltages are of equal amplitude theconduced ampereturns in 24, 25, 26 will have equal amplitudes if the im dance of their the resistances 28, turns cooperatin produce three p If said impedances or said number oftur'ns are different, the conduced .ampereturns in erent.

of the synchronizing torque depends on the relative position of the axis of a. ndary winding and of the :xis of the'brushes'connscted to said wind-j positive but will vary in-magnitude.

- turns of the means for magnetizin understood. These "magnetization with respect the other two secondary magnetizations; 115

ing, or, more broadly, on the phase of the auxiliary voltage impressed on a secondary with relation to the phase of the voltage concurrently generated in said secondary by strictly unidirectional 7n the primary flux. A and pulsating synchronizing torque lshad when'the secondary winding is coaxial with the axis of the brushes connected to it, or

'when the auxiliary voltage is cophasal with generated in the seconddegrees from the phase of the generated so voltage the synchronizing torque is of double slip frequency of the motor or of double the frequency of the auxiliary voltage and has equal positive and negative maxima. In

this last case it is preferred to have the auxiliary voltage lead the generated voltage. In Fig, 1 the axes brushes and the corresponding secondary windings are coaxial with the result that each secondary produces a strictly unidirec The sum of,

tional synchronizing torque.

the three'synchronizing torques is a synchronizing torque of practically constant magnitude 1f the conduced ampereturns in 24, 25, 26am alike. If they are not, the rel snltant synchronizing torque will be. con tinuous but not constant, it will always be stant synchronizing torque will bring the motor up to synchronism but will not hold I it there at more than one load. If the motor has been synchronized with a constant 7 synchronizing torque it is necessary to close the circuit of 27 to cause the motor to operate synchronously at a plurality of loads.

circuit of 27 does two the conduced amperethe secbrushes,

The closing ofQthe things; it increases ondary connected to one group 0 namely to the brushes 21, 22, and, therefore, 7

increases this secondary magnetization as compared with those produced by 24 and 26, and it displaces the axis of this increased to the axes of This disturbs the symmetry of the arrange.- ment of brushes and cooperating secondary windings and causes the motor to o erate' chronously at a plurality of loa s. If

t e motor has been synchronized with a'con-' I tinuous but not a constant synchronizing torque it will operate synchronously at a plurality of loads even though the winding 27 is not rendered efiective but the addition of 27 will, inmost cases, increase chronous range of the machine and improve its synchronous characteristic; The circuit of thewindmg27 canbe closed at starting, when 7 it is'likely to somewhat'unbal ce th i i an be closed just no duction motor torque, or

of the three groups of A conthe syn- Y netizations are anemia angles other than the axes of the brushes to which the means producing said magnet izations are connected and the motor there shown therefore starts with an induction motor torque which is not constant, synchronizes with a torque which is not constant but operates synchronously at a plurality of loads. The starting, synchronizing and synchronous operating conditions can each be improved to some extent by manipulating the resistances 28, 30, 33 and 34 along the lines previously indicated in this specification.

In order to get the full benefit of the combination of elements herein disclosed, it

is necessary to make the stationary as well as the revolving member without defined polar projections just as is usual in the case of polyphase induction motors, and I also prefer to build and operate these machines with a short air-gap or small clearance between the two members. The stationary member should be built like a stator, the revolving one like a rotor.

It is to be understood that by nizing torque I mean that torque which brings a synchronous motor up'to synchronism, i. e., up to that speed which is determined by the number of poles of the mnchine and the frequency of the supply. It Is known that an induction motor operates by virtue of secondary currents induced or generated in the secondary windings and that these currents and therefore the induction motor torque become zero at synchronism. Specifically in thecase of motors started as induction motors and operated as synchronous motors, the synchronizing torque is one which issuperposed on the said induction motor torque and does not become zero at synchronism, but preferably increases as syn'chronism is approached. The synchronizing torque is not. to be cona fused with the synchronous torque or with cation I show how v less constant but continuous synchromzmg that prevailing when the machine operates as a synchronous motor. The former has heretofore been a pure alternating torque with equal positive and negative maxima, I have elsewhere shown how a-unidirectional or a substantially unidirectional synchronizing torque can be produced,-in this appli a constant or a more or torque can be secured.

It is further to be understood that by synchronous motor is meant one which operates at a constant synchronous speed synchroover a range of loads, and not for instance. an adjustable motor, the speed of which changes with every change of load, and which for certain settings may pass through synchronism in the "course of its operation. The fact that it so passes through synchronism does not, of course, rob it of its distinguishing and inherent variable speed characteristic.

I The synchronous motors described in this specification carry unidirectional amperewhich'is referred to as F, and unless the organization of the machine is such as to permit, with changing torque demand (1) of an angular axis of F and the axis of the resultant motor magnetization R, or (2) of a change in the magnitude of F, or (3) of said angular displacement and of said change in magnitude, the motor cannot and does not'ru'n at a constant and'synchronous speed under varying load conditions and is not a synchronous motor.

When the primary is stationary the revolving flux revolves synchronously with respect to it and the secondary revolves in the same direction as this revolving flux.

In asynchronous operation, the speed of the secondary. is a little short of that of the revolving flux; at synchronism the speed of the secondary is the same as that of the revolving flux, In applying this invention to a stationaryprimary, the brushes cooperating with the commuted winding on the primary mustrevolve with the secondary ut the operation of the machine will be as here explained for the converse arrangement. 5 -l'l It will be clear that various changes may be made in details of this disclosure without departing from the spirit of this invention, and it is, therefore, to be understood that this invention is not to be limited to the specific details here shown and described.

What I claim is:'

1. A synchronous motor which carries variable load at synchronous speed, having a primary and a secondary member, said primary member being adapted to produce a primary flux which. revolves with respect to the primary, a commutator on said primary, brushes located along 72, displaced axes, means on the secondary adapted to, produce at displaced magnetizations, each of said means being connected to brushes located along one of the n brush axes to set up *conduced ampereturns in the said magnetizing means, different magnetizing means being connected to brushes located along different axes, and the angular displacements between the angular displacements between the at secondary magnetizations produced by the com duced currents.

speed asynchronous induction turns on their secondary, the resultant of u n brush axes diflering from the 2. A synchronous motor which carries ondary generated voltages, a source of n 55 variableload at synchronous speed, having auxiliaryv voltages, said voltages being of a primary and a secondary member, said slip frequency and differing in phase at sub- 1 primary member being adapted to produce synchronous'motor speeds, becoming unidia primary flux which revolves with respect 'rectional at 'synchronism and having an am to the primary, a source of n auxiliary voltplitude independent of their frequency, an

' ages, said voltages being of slip frequency means for impressing one auxiliary voltage and of difierent phases at sub-synchronous on each secondary winding, difier'ent auxilmotor' speeds, becoming unidirectional at iary voltages being impressed ondifferent synchronism and having an amplitude indesecondary windings, and. the phase difierpendent of their frequency, means on the ences between the generated voltages difier- Gib secondary adapted to produce n displaced g fr m the Phase difierences between the magnetizations, means for impressing one auxiliary voltages. a auxiliary voltage on each of said means to. 5. The'method of operating a motor which set up conduced ampereturns in the said -Ca1rie Y h l at synchronous'speed, magnetizing means, difierent auxiliary voltomprising, producing a primary fi X which 70 ages being 1mpres;ed on diiierent magnetiz- {i V Wi h resp ct o the primary, causing means, and the phase displacements of g he prlmary'flux to. generate n sets of the 'n auxiliary voltages, expressed i d phase displaced induction-motor-torque progrees, differing from the space displacements i g amp r t rns in displaced secondary expressed in electrical degrees, the at secondl' ll ,.P1' l1eiIlg 1 llXlllfil'y Voltages of E5 ary magnetizations produced by the t slip frequency, which difler in phase below dn d currents, synchronism and become, unidirectional ate 3. A synchronous motor which carries yn hr ni m, he phase difierences between variable load at synchronous speed, having the auxiliary- Voltages diiiering from the a, Primary and a econdary member aid phase difierencesbetween the lIlClllClllOll- 5% primary member being adapted to produce qrq p uclhg ampereturns, and a primary flux which revolves with respect {P g-,t auxlhary voltages. 0n he to theprimary, a comnyltatolon id in induction-motor-torque producing secondmary, brushes located along at least two dis l to yp h q n h r placed axes, at least two displad'windings 1 l1 ld 1t n synchronism over a range of at on the secondary, each secondar winding Y being connected to brushes locate valong one e me hod f operating a motor of the brush-axes to set up conduced amperewhich carries v ia load at Synchronous turns in said winding, different windings on p P s gi tp a P he y fl x the secondary being connected to brushes lowhich'levolves W1 11 respect with? P y,

cated along different axes, the angular dis- Causing the P y flux to generate n Sets .placement of the axes along which the. of Phase displaced inductioll'motor'tol'qlle brushes are disposed difiering from the an- Pmdq ng p l pl 0 gular displacement of the axes of the wind- My f -v producmg l j 'y Voltages mg; on the secondary, and one brush axis of 511p frequency: Whlch fl Phase 5 approximately coinciding with the axis of 10W synchl'onism and become r c i nal [variable load at synchronous speed, having a primary flux'which revolves with re pect the-secondary winding to which the brushes 9 m ma l l "i g the ilm 1 axls are connected iary voltages onthe inductlon-motor-torque 4. A synchronous motor which carries Pmducmg'secondarles to Preduce S f maxima of two of which sets differ in magmtudc, tosynchronize the motor and to thereaftfei' 'hpld' it in synchronism over a' tothe primary, n displaced windings on the g 9a I I l p I, n testimony whereof I- afiix m -si nasecondary m.1nduct1ve relatlon to the pnmy? this th day y 1926. y g 106 a primary "and a secondary member, said primary member being adapted to produce mary flux, said primary flux 'generatinv a voltage in each secondary winding, thus v form ng a system of n phase-displaced secs VALERE'A'FYNN.

conduced ampereturns on the secondary the 

